Sometimes, it's the simplest things that get you. I hope this is old hat to most (both) of you, but if you're like me, and learned about vocal coaching for small groups by osmosis, experience, experimentation, trial and error, read on.
Having attended conferences, concerts and the like, I am always amazed at the great vocal sounds some other groups are able to get, and often horrified at the sound others get. Knowing our group was filled with talented vocalists, I was pretty confident the quality of our musicians wasn't an issue. The problem was in the architecture of how I had built our sound, and though great in theory, it didn't work as I had expected.
Small groups tend to lend themselves to tighter, more experienced musicians that can all lead given the opportunity. I believe in a smaller group, there is no safety in numbers. Every singer needs to be solid and be able to deliver on their own without the support of the group. What surprised me a little (as a budding vocal director) is that the individual doesn't need to deliver like this to be effective when in the group.
Over the years, we've worked on several exercises to get our blending to improve. What I've found over the last couple years are the following simple pieces of advice that, when put into practice, can make all the difference in turning a talented bunch of singers into a tight-sounding, gifted ensemble, truly capable of moving beyond filling the role of the cantor and really leading liturgical music.
- Structure: one lead, others follow
- All non-lead vocals need to back off when not explicitly leading in a cantor-like role
- Non-lead vocals should refrain from using more than the bare minimum of vibrato
- Non-lead vocals should use a soft tone of voice regardless of range expertise
I work with a small group of singers – usually 3 – 6 singers on any given week. Preferably it's half male and half female. I came out of an amateur background in music, doing theater in high school, various choirs since 8th grade, and the occasional vocal lesson.
Learning in high school, college, choirs, etc, I was taught that the way to give a good performance was to project. (That's prō-'jekt, not prä-'jekt). While this is true for almost any singing or presenting situation, this is not the case in the small choir in the role of a backup singer. As a soloist, this is a no-brainer. In order to be heard, you must project. There is no value in mumbling the Word of God. In a larger choir, the same is true, depending on the tonal quality desired – a larger choir operates without much of the aid of amplification to achieve its performance, therefore sing as you are best able!
But, in the smaller ensemble with the aid of electronic amplification, projecting is not typically going to be the right answer. I saw a great demonstration of contemporary worship music done badly with a female vocalist leading by singing into the microphone and a male tenor adding harmony. The woman led using her melody with soul, but not a lot of volume – but she sang directly into the mike, and was very effective in her duty. The male tenor on the other hand added his harmony far off the microphone, blasting all those around with his very good, but very loud and unbalanced microphone. Even with the sound system, the result was poor at best. The vocal performance was unbalanced, and ineffective – we were all distracted by the tenor. He protested that his sound engineer usually turns his mike down.
However, what I've found (and what others will tell you) is we cannot rely on the sound engineer to fix your sound. The job of the sound system is to re-enforce the sound, not deliver it en mass! While the volume may be corrected, the tone cannot be corrected by the sound engineer, and that makes all the difference.
So, what vocal tones work well? The items I listed at the beginning of this article were what I've found to work. The goal is to get a full sound with good clarity that encourages others to sing. Every person projecting, using vibrato leads more to a chaotic sound, which can be especially difficult if you've got a team of great musicians! As a director, it's often been hard for me to take the lead, because I see my role as a mentor and facilitator rather than a soloist. However, there are a lot of times that we just need good direction, and building that from the lead vocal spot is the best way to achieve that goal.
So, here's the quick breakdown of what I've found to work:
- One lead – one person gets to project on any song. If there isn't a sole individual projecting, then no one should be – just use good, solid diction to make the consonants heard well.
- Keep the volume down if you're not leading. No one should ever feel like they need to "steal the show". That's not the point of worship. We're all a critical part of a team of worshipers.
- Keep the vibrato down. You just want a fuller sound. The more vibrato, the more chaos will ensue. Vibrato helps the voice to stand out in such a small group, which should be reserved for a soloist / cantor, but even then, still with a healthy dose of judicious moderation.
- Everyone else uses hushed tones, even when adding harmonies or counter melodies. The point is just to add to the sound.
I use a couple terms to illustrate the parts as I've described:
- Lead – the one person leading the group. There should be a lead for major hymns. I don't assign a lead for the parts of the mass (primarily the songs that accompany the Liturgy of the Eucharist). Backing vocals are still used when we have a lead.
- Solo – one person sings the part completely on their own. No backing vocals. I only use this on occasion.
- Backing vocals – everyone else who isn't on the lead part.
- It took me too long to figure this out – and though I like learning by experience, this is one of those places I wish someone would have smacked me.
God bless you in your ministry.
